Top 100 ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers (2025 Edition)

1. What is ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: ASP.NET MVC is a framework for building web applications using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. It provides a clear separation of concerns and enables testable and maintainable code.

2. What is the difference between ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: ASP.NET Web Forms follows an event-driven model with controls like buttons and grids, whereas ASP.NET MVC follows a Model-View-Controller pattern for better separation of concerns.

3. What is a Controller in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: A Controller handles user input, interacts with the model, and returns the appropriate view. It is responsible for processing incoming requests, updating the model, and selecting the view to render.

4. What is the purpose of the View in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The View is responsible for rendering the UI. It contains the HTML markup and any necessary Razor syntax to display data passed from the controller.

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5. What is the Model in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The Model represents the data and business logic of the application. It interacts with the database and enforces business rules.

6. What is the role of the RouteConfig class in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The RouteConfig class is used to define the routes for the application. It maps URLs to controller actions and specifies default routes.

7. What is the purpose of the ActionResult class in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The ActionResult class represents the result of an action method. It is used to specify what kind of result should be returned, such as a view, JSON data, or a file.

8. What is the difference between ViewData and ViewBag in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: ViewData is a dictionary used to pass data from the controller to the view. ViewBag is a dynamic view data container that is available throughout the life cycle of a request.

9. What is the purpose of the Layout in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The Layout defines the common structure of a web application, including the header, footer, and navigation menu. It helps maintain a consistent look and feel across multiple pages.

10. What is the use of the _ViewStart.cshtml file in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The _ViewStart.cshtml file is the entry point for the views in an ASP.NET MVC application. It is used to include common scripts and styles, and to render the layout and body content.

11. What is the purpose of the Views folder in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The Views folder contains the HTML files and Razor views that define the UI of the application. Each view corresponds to a specific action method in a controller.

12. What is the role of the Global.asax file in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The Global.asax file is used to handle application-level events like Application_Start, Application_End, Session_Start, etc. It is also used to configure global filters and routes.

13. What is the purpose of the Web.config file in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The Web.config file contains configuration settings for the application such as connection strings, session state, and security settings.

14. What is the difference between TempData and ViewData in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: TempData is used to store data that persists for the duration of a user's session. ViewData is used to pass data from the controller to the view for a single request.

15. What is the purpose of the BundleConfig class in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The BundleConfig class is used to register bundles, which are collections of scripts and styles that can be combined and minified to optimize web page loading.

16. What is the use of the App_Start method in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The App_Start method is called when the application starts. It is used to perform initialization tasks such as registering routes, configuring bundles, and setting up filters.

17. What is the purpose of the AuthorizeAttribute class in ASP.NET MVC?

Ans: The AuthorizeAttribute class is used to specify authorization requirements for controller actions or entire controllers. It checks whether the user is authorized to access a particular resource.

18. What is the difference between IIS and Kestrel in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: IIS (Internet Information Services) is a web server for hosting web applications on Windows. Kestrel is a cross-platform web server for hosting ASP.NET Core applications on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

19. What is the purpose of the Startup class in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The Startup class is used to configure the application's request pipeline. It is used to register services, configure middleware, and set up the application's environment.

20. What is the role of the ConfigureServices method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The ConfigureServices method is used to register services with the dependency injection container. It is called by the runtime to set up the application's services.

21. What is the purpose of the Configure method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The Configure method is used to configure the application's request pipeline by adding middleware components. It is called by the runtime to set up the application's middleware.

22. What is middleware in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: Middleware is software that is assembled into an application pipeline to handle requests and responses. Each component in the pipeline can perform operations on the request and response, such as authentication, logging, and error handling.

23. What is the purpose of the UseMvc method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The UseMvc method adds MVC functionality to the request pipeline. It configures the routing and sets up the MVC framework for handling requests.

24. What is the role of the appsettings.json file in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The appsettings.json file is used to store application settings such as connection strings, logging levels, and other configuration options. It is a hierarchical JSON file that is easy to read and modify.

25. What is dependency injection in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: Dependency injection is a design pattern used to implement IoC (Inversion of Control) and dependency management. It allows the application to manage the lifecycle of dependencies and inject them into classes that require them.

26. What is the purpose of the IServiceCollection interface in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The IServiceCollection interface defines a collection of service descriptors. It is used to register and resolve services in the dependency injection container.

27. What is a service lifetime in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: A service lifetime defines the duration for which a service instance is used. The three main lifetimes are transient, scoped, and singleton.

28. What is the difference between transient, scoped, and singleton lifetimes in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: Transient services are created each time they are requested. Scoped services are created once per request. Singleton services are created once per application and shared across all requests.

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29. What is the purpose of the IHostingEnvironment interface in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The IHostingEnvironment interface provides information about the hosting environment in which the application is running. It includes properties such as ApplicationName, EnvironmentName, and ContentRootPath.

30. What is the role of the IApplicationBuilder interface in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The IApplicationBuilder interface is used to configure the application's request pipeline. It provides methods to use middleware and build the application.

31. What is the purpose of the UseRouting method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The UseRouting method adds routing capabilities to the request pipeline. It configures the routing middleware to match incoming requests to route handlers.

32. What is the role of the IRouter interface in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The IRouter interface defines the contract for routing requests to handler executables. It includes methods to match routes and dispatch requests.

33. What is the purpose of the MapRoute method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The MapRoute method is used to define a route in the routing table. It specifies the URL pattern, HTTP methods, and the handler that should process matching requests.

34. What is the difference between conventional routing and attribute routing in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: Conventional routing uses the UseRouting method to define routes in the Startup class. Attribute routing uses attributes to define routes directly on controller actions or Razor pages.

35. What is the purpose of the UseEndpoints method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The UseEndpoints method adds endpoint routing to the request pipeline. It configures the application to use endpoint definitions to match incoming requests to endpoint handlers.

36. What is an endpoint in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: An endpoint is a reusable application component that encapsulates request handling logic. It can be configured to match specific URL patterns and HTTP methods.

37. What is the purpose of the Map method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The Map method is used to define an endpoint in the endpoint routing table. It specifies the URL pattern, HTTP methods, and the request delegate that should handle matching requests.

38. What is the difference between Use and Run in ASP.NET Core middleware?

Ans: Use adds a middleware component to the request pipeline, but does not immediately invoke it. Run adds and immediately invokes a middleware component in the request pipeline.

39. What is the purpose of the UseAuthentication method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The UseAuthentication method adds authentication middleware to the request pipeline. It configures the application to use a specific authentication scheme, such as cookie authentication or JWT bearer tokens.

40. What is the purpose of the UseAuthorization method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The UseAuthorization method adds authorization middleware to the request pipeline. It configures the application to use a specific authorization policy, such as role-based or policy-based authorization.

41. What is the purpose of the AddMvc method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The AddMvc method adds MVC services to the dependency injection container. It configures the application to use controllers, views, and other MVC components.

42. What is the purpose of the AddControllersAsServices method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The AddControllersAsServices method registers all controllers in an assembly as services in the dependency injection container. It allows the controllers to be resolved and injected into other components.

43. What is the purpose of the AddRazorRuntimeCompilation method in ASP.NET Core?

Ans: The AddRazorRuntimeCompilation method adds Razor runtime compilation services to the dependency injection container. It configures the application to use Razor for generating HTML content.

44. What is the purpose of the AddRazorPages method in ASP.NET Core?